New Thiadiazole and Benzothiazole Affixed Pyrazoles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Pharmacological Evaluation

A novel class of hybrid compounds, such as thiadiazolyl-pyrazoles (14a-e) and benzothiazolyl-pyrazoles (15a-d), has been successfully synthesized via a simple condensation reaction. Newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by mass, 1H, and 13C NMR spectral analysis. The target compounds have been studied for their DFT docking, antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity properties. Among the target compounds, heterocycle 14e showed significant binding with penicillin G acyl-Penicillin (1MWT) and Escherichia coli DNA gyrase B (6KZX) protein target, with binding scores -6.5 and -8.2 kcal/mol, respectively. In addition, the compounds 14c and 14e showed superior activity against both the microbes at different concentrations, whereas compounds 14a and 14e showed excellent antioxidant activity at 100 µg/mL concentration. Among the selected compounds, heterocycle 14e exhibited significant anticancer activity against both triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines, with 68.49 and 57.38% of inhibition, respectively.