Radiation Cystitis as Complication In the Treatment of Patients with Pelvic Oncopathology. Literary Review

Purpose: to analyze contemporary literature data on radiation cystitis as a complication of radiation therapy in patients with oncopathology, encompassing epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Material and methods: a systematic review of publications from 2010 – 2025 was conducted, utilizing PubMed, Scopus, and eLibrary.ru databases. Eighteen key sources were selected, with emphasis on studies from 2023 – 2025. The analysis focuses on clinical, experimental, and review articles. Results: radiation cystitis develops in 5 – 10 % of patients following pelvic radiation therapy, with peak incidence at 1 – 2 years. Pathogenesis involves endothelial dysfunction and fibrosis. Diagnosis combines cystoscopy and MRI. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (success rate 80 – 90 %) and endoscopic coagulation are effective. Prevention incorporates modern radiation techniques. Field of application: recommendations for oncological urologists in managing complications. Conclusions: early detection and multidisciplinary approach mitigate radiation cystitis severity; further randomized trials are warranted.