Classification of the trends in modern economic theory: paradigmatic aspects of the problem analysis

The article considers the problem of classifying the directions of economic theory related to understanding the historical logic and prospects for the development of mainstream and unorthodox research. In line with the theory of T. Kun and the concept of I. Lakatos, the author shows that these studies are mainly developed within the framework of the general paradigm. Its nucleus acts in the form of “homo economicus”, and the periphery in the form of various institutional interpretations. In the mainstream program society is not considered by a real actor, therefore, an institutionalinstrumental approach is applied, within the framework of which economic descriptions are created on the basis of the liberal concept of a bunch of property rights, which ensures the priority of private interests. In unorthodox program society acts as a real actor and uses a valueinstitutional approach, according to which the economy is analyzed from the standpoint of the social concept of a bunch of property rights and understanding of society as a supreme owner. The author substantiates the statement that the classics of political economy proposed a cognitive paradigm, which, unlike the traditional paradigm, allows us to study the endogenous processes of economic development based on the dual nature of the economic interests of subjects and the classical concept of property. In the classical paradigm, taking into account the ideas of Aristotle and medieval thinkers, public property is understood as a complex-structure phenomenon, acting as a historical and logical basis for the analysis of various forms of property and economic systems of traditional and modern societies. The classical perspective focuses on creating the adequate realities of the sovereign model of the Russian economy based on a change in the outdated architecture of property relations and economic relations in accordance with the priority of the interests of society.