ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEED INDUSTRY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CHALLENGES

An analysis of established quotas on seed imports from unfriendly countries, as one of the measures aimed at stimulating domestic breeding and seed production, is conducted, broken down by seed types subject to import quotas and by entities participating in foreign trade activities. A separate analysis is provided of the dynamics of agricultural seed import and export volumes in Russia. The objective of the study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the state of the domestic seed industry and assess the changing level of dependence of Russian agricultural producers on seed imports. The study utilized quantitative, statistical, and comparative methods, as well as analogy, synthesis, data generalization, and expert assessment. The relevance of the study is due to the persistent high level of import dependence of the domestic agricultural sector for seeds of certain agricultural crops, despite positive trends in import substitution in the seed industry. The study's results showed that the average level of self-sufficiency in domestically bred seeds in Russia reached 67.6%, an increase of 7.3% compared to 2022. The best indicators for self-sufficiency in domestically bred seeds are observed for spring grains and legumes, with positive trends for sunflower, soybean, corn, and spring rapeseed. At the same time, the domestic agricultural sector remains highly dependent on imports for potato, sugar beet, and greenhouse vegetable seeds. The scientific innovation lies in the integrated approach to analyzing and assessing the development of the domestic seed industry.