Three-in-One Injector Trials at CMC Steel Alabama

ABSTRACT Effective carbon injection is vital for Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) performance, aiding slag foaming and FeO reduction. Conventional carbon injection loses a significant amount of carbon to the off-gas system, raising costs and limiting chemical energy use. Linde’ s Three-in-One injector delivers supersonic carbon alongside oxygen, boosting carbon utilization and furnace efficiency. Trials at CMC Steel Alabama’s EAF showed reduced carbon usage, power consumption, oxygen PPM, and slag FeO. This paper outlines the injector’s design, trial methodology, and performance results, demonstrating the benefits of high-momentum carbon injection in modern EAF operations.