First Record for Northeastern Brazil of Pseudobombax petropolitanum (Malvaceae), an Atlantic Forest Rupicolous Species Overlooked for Over a Century

Pseudobombax petropolitanum first appeared in literature in the year 1905 as Pachira petropolitana Glaziou (nomen nudum) based on a single collection with only leaves and flower buds, and was largely overlooked in literature and herbaria for over a century. During fieldwork in the Atlantic Forest from southern Bahia, individuals of P. petropolitanum were discovered inhabiting rock outcrops (inselbergs), representing the first occurrence in northeastern Brazil. In this work, we provide a phenologically complete morphological description of P. petropolitanum, designate an epitype to permit a precise application of the name, and provide field photographs of vegetative, floral, fruit, and seed characters. We also present a distribution map, comments on taxonomic and ecological affinities with related species from the Atlantic Forest, and conservation notes on Atlantic Forest inselbergs from Bahia.