Epidemiological Trends of Herpes Zoster in Korea, 2010–2022: A Nationwide Study Using National Health Insurance Data

Herpes zoster (HZ) poses a growing public health burden, particularly in aging populations. This study investigated long-term trends in the incidence, hospitalization, and recurrence of HZ in Korea. We analyzed National Health Insurance Service data covering adults aged ≥ 20 years from 2010 to 2022. HZ cases were defined using International Classification of Diseases-10 codes and antiviral treatment criteria. Rates were stratified by age, sex, and income level. The incidence of HZ increased until 2018 and then stabilized. Women and older adults consistently showed higher incidence, hospitalization, and recurrence rates. The medical aid beneficiaries had significantly higher hospitalization rates. Despite recent stabilization, the burden of HZ remains substantial among older adults, women, and medical aid beneficiaries. Targeted vaccination and ongoing surveillance are essential to mitigate disease burden and reduce disparities.