In-Ovo Injection of Chemical and Green ZnO NPs Under Heat Stress on Hatchability Characteristics of Broilers

The body characteristics of broiler chickens at the time of birth affect their final breeding performance. Zinc oxide nanoparticles can be effective on hatching characteristics by improving the penetration power of biological compounds and ginger extract by improving antioxidant status and controlling inflammation. On the other hand, the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized with ginger extract can improve the efficiency of the bioavailability and synergism effects of both zinc oxide nanoparticles and ginger extract on hatching characteristics. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to compare the effects of chemical zinc oxide nanoparticles (CZN) with zinc oxide nanoparticles made with natural extract of ginger plant (GZN) on hatching characteristics of broiler chickens under heat stress conditions. The experimental treatments included a control group and two levels of both experimental agents, GZN and CZN, each of which was exposed to two standard and high temperature levels from day 19 to 21. Application of GZN at a level of 700 μg under stress conditions and at both levels of 500 and 700 μg under normal conditions resulted in a decrease in malondialdehyde (MAD) levels and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes, and an increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes compared to the stressed groups without any nanoparticles. Under heat stress conditions, GZN at a level of 700 µg reduced LDL levels, at both levels of 700 and 500 µg increased albumin levels, and at a level of 500 µg reduced triglycerides. Also, all groups receiving CZN and GZN recipients under stress conditions showed a significant increase in TP compared to the stressed group without receiving experimental factors (p < 0.05). The use of GZN increased the weight ratio of the spleen at 500 and the yolk sac at 700 µg compared to the control treatment and all stress groups. The percentage of hatched eggs in the groups receiving GZN under heat stress did not show any significant difference than the groups under normal conditions (p < 0.05).