DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR MONITORING CONVICTS: HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS

The subject of the study is the evolution and modernization of digital technologies for monitoring convicts serving non-custodial sentences in the context of the historical and legal development of the penal system. The object of the research is the processes of introduction and use of digital technologies in both Russian and international practice. The influence of scientific and technological progress, socio-economic factors and government policy on the formation of electronic monitoring is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the comparison of domestic and foreign experience, including the practices of the USA, Great Britain and the countries of the European Union. The key problems of introducing digital surveillance tools in Russia, as well as the prospects for their further improvement, taking into account global trends, are considered. The conducted research allows us to conclude that, despite the strategies being implemented, the scale of digital monitoring in Russia is still significantly inferior to the practice of Western countries, where electronic monitoring of convicts has become an integral element of criminal policy. For the successful integration of modern technologies into the domestic penal system, it is necessary to fill existing regulatory gaps, modernize the technical infrastructure, as well as adapt foreign experience, taking into account national legal and institutional characteristics.