Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Calendula officinalis L.: A review

Calendula officinalis L., commonly known as marigold, is an important medicinal plant widely used in the homoeopathic system of medicine for the management of wounds, inflammatory conditions, and various skin and mucosal disorders. Numerous studies have investigated its phytochemical composition, revealing the presence of bioactive constituents such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, carotenoids, essential oils, and phenolic compounds. Experimental and pharmacological studies reported in the literature indicate that Calendula officinalis exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and wound-healing effects. These findings provide scientific support for its traditional and therapeutic applications. However, despite the availability of experimental data, there remains a need for more systematic investigations to validate these effects and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action, particularly in relation to homoeopathic use. Further focused research may help strengthen the scientific evidence base of homoeopathic medicine.