A comparative approach of cholera (Hayḍa) in modern and Unani aspects: A literature review

This literature review provides an integrated analysis of cholera (Haiza/ Hayḍa), drawing upon both modern medical literature and classical Unani sources. Modern evidence is reviewed with regard to the epidemiology of cholera, its causative organism Vibrio cholerae, transmission dynamics, clinical features, complications and current management. In parallel, Unani texts were examined for their descriptions of Haiza, its etiological factors, its characteristics signs and symptoms, preventive guidelines and therapeutic principles. For this classical Unani texts and Modern text books were used for the information about the disease Cholera (Hayḍa). In addition, electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect were also used. A comparative appraisal shows significant convergence between the two systems regarding the importance of rapid fluid replacement (ORT), control of vomiting and diarrhea and dietary regulation. Unani therapeutics also emphasize restoration of digestive strength and post-illness convalescence, which complement modern supportive care. Despite rich traditional knowledge, gaps remain in clinical evidence for many classical interventions, indicating a need for further pharmacological and clinical research. Overall, this review highlights the complementary strengths of Unani and Modern approaches, offering a comprehensive understanding of cholera and its holistic management.