Surgical management of atresia ani in calves: A study of 13 cases

A total of 13 calves (nine cattle and four buffalo), aged from one to six days, presented with absence of defecation since birth, tenesmus, tail raising, restlessness, inappetence, and dullness. Clinically, the absence of an anal opening, abdominal distension, and perineal bulging were noticed. Based on these findings, cases were diagnosed as atresia ani, and surgical reconstruction was planned. A circular incision was made over the perineal bulge, the blind rectal pouch was identified and incised, and meconium was evacuated. The rectal mucosa was sutured to the incised skin using four simple interrupted sutures with nylon. Anal dilation was performed using a lubricated syringe barrel. Postoperatively, antibiotics, analgesics, and antiseptic dressing were administered as needed. The majority of the calves (ten) recovered uneventfully, while three died postoperatively due to unknown reasons. Early presentation, timely surgery, and proper postoperative care are critical for successful recovery in atresia ani cases.