Integrated pest and disease management: A review

Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPDM) is a smart and balanced way to protect crops from pests and diseases. Instead of relying only on chemicals, it combines different methods like using natural enemies, improving farm practices and applying pesticides only when truly needed. The goal is to keep crops healthy while also caring for the environment and reducing costs for farmers. With new technologies like biotechnology, molecular tools and digital farming, IPDM has become more precise and effective. Farmers and researchers can now detect problems early using sensors, mobile apps and even drones. Tools like machine learning help predict pest outbreaks, so action can be taken before damage occurs. IPDM truly powerful is its focus on practical solutions that farmers can use. From simple mobile alerts to advanced decision-making systems powered by quantum computing, these tools help farmers make better choices in real time. By managing pests and diseases together, IPDM saves time, reduces pesticide use, and supports sustainable farming. In places like Andhra Pradesh, where farming conditions vary widely, IPDM offers flexible strategies that fit local needs.