Influence of dietary monensin sodium, yeast metabolites and neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf supplementation on body condition score of lactating Sahiwal cows

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of monensin sodium, yeast metabolites, and neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf supplementation on body condition score (BCS) of lactating Sahiwal cows. Twenty-four cows were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments group with six animals in each group: To is control (basal diet), T1 with monensin sodium, T2 with yeast metabolites and T3 with neem leaf supplementation. Initial BCS was similar across all groups, indicating uniformity of animals. The experiment lasted 90 days, and BCS was recorded at 0, 30, 60, and 90 days using a standard 5-point scoring system. Analysis of variance revealed that there are no significant differences in BCS among treatment groups at any stage of the experiment. However, within the group there is a significant effect of time was observed, with BCS values at 0, 30, and 60 days postpartum being significantly (p