Isolation of entomopathogenic nematodes across diverse ecosystems of Chhattisgarh

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are increasingly recognized as promising agents for sustainable pest management, yet their natural occurrence in Indian agro-ecosystems remains insufficiently documented. In the present survey conducted across 24 districts of Chhattisgarh, 780 soil samples were examined to determine the diversity and prevalence of EPNs. The results revealed a low overall frequency, with only five samples (0.64%) testing positive, all belonging to Heterorhabditis spp. The highest recovery was recorded in sericulture farms (1.05%) and agroforestry systems (0.9%), particularly associated with tree species such as Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia tomentosa, Tectona grandis, Gmelina arborea, and Shorea robusta. In contrast, no EPNs were detected in sugarcane, vegetable, or other crop-based habitats, underscoring the influence of ecosystem type and soil conditions on nematode distribution. Although the prevalence was comparatively low, the detection of indigenous Heterorhabditis strains adapted to local agro-climatic conditions highlights Chhattisgarh’s potential as a reservoir of native EPNs. These findings provide important baseline data for future research aimed at molecular characterization, mass production, and field evaluation of these isolates, ultimately supporting their integration into eco-friendly pest management strategies.