Comparative evaluation of integrated weed management modules against Orobanche infestation and weed dynamics in mustard (Brassica juncea L. var. Girraj)

Weed infestation, particularly by Orobanche spp., poses a major threat to mustard (Brassica juncea L.) productivity in Madhya Pradesh. A field study during Rabi 2024-25 evaluated twelve integrated weed management (IWM) modules, including chemical herbicides, organic amendments, and manual removal. Pendimethalin 38.4% + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 0.85% ZC (785 g ha-1 PPI) emerged as the most effective treatment, delaying Orobanche spike emergence, reducing shoot number (2.00 at 60 DAS) and dry weight (1.02 g/m²), suppressing dominant weeds, conserving soil nutrients, and achieving the highest Weed Control Efficiency (83.28%). Organic amendments followed by herbicides provided moderate suppression and improved soil health, while manual removal was labour-intensive with partial control. Overall, chemical-herbicide-based IWM modules offer a sustainable and efficient strategy to manage Orobanche and associated weeds, ensuring better mustard growth, reduced competition, and optimized nutrient use.