Economics, quality and nutrient uptake of mustard (Brassica juncea L. var. Girraj) as influenced by integrated Orobanche weed management practices in Gird region of Madhya Pradesh, India

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season to evaluate the effect of integrated Orobanche management practices on growth, yield, quality, economics, and nutrient uptake of mustard (Brassica juncea L. var. Girraj). Twelve treatments comprising pre-plant incorporation (PPI), pre-emergence (PE), post-emergence (PoE) herbicides, organic amendments, and manual removal were tested in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Results revealed that T2 (Pendimethalin 38.4% + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 0.85% ZC @ 785 gha-1 PPI) recorded the highest seed yield (2238 kgha-1), net return (?1,63,057/ha), and B:C ratio (5.18). It also recorded the maximum oil yield (950.01 kgha-1), protein yield (4.45 kgha-1), and highest total NPK uptake in seed and stover. The treatment T6 (Pyroxasulfone 100 gha-1 PoE) and T11 (manual removal) were next best, while T12 (unweeded control) gave the lowest yield, returns, and nutrient uptake. Visual phytotoxicity scores showed mild temporary effects in pretilachlor-based treatments (T? and T?) but no permanent damage to crop growth. These findings indicate that integrating effective herbicides with suitable amendments significantly improves mustard productivity and profitability while suppressing Orobanche weed infestation.