China's five finger policy and its impact on Indian sovereignty: A critical analysis

The Five Finger Policy of China was conceptualised by Mao Zedong.Tibet as the "palm" and the surrounding regions like Ladakh, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, and Arunachal Pradesh as its five fingers that must be Liberated.This expansionist vision, though historically rooted, continues to shape China's modern geopolitical strategies and poses a significant challenge to Indian sovereignty and regional stability.The policy reflects Beijing's long-standing intent to extend its strategic influence beyond Tibet.In response, India has recalibrated its foreign and defense policy by strengthening border infrastructure, enhancing strategic partnerships through platforms such as the Quad, and asserting diplomatic resistance in multilateral forums.This article critically analyzes the contemporary relevance of the Five Finger Policy and its implications for India's territorial integrity.This is based on a qualitative research methodology, drawing on historical records, policy documents, scholarly works, and contemporary geopolitical analyses.By integrating critical international relations theory with grounded empirical insights.This article assesses the effectiveness of India's countermeasures and proposes a framework for sustained strategic resilience.