Redefining Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) as Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS): Implications for Diagnosis, Pathophysiology and Clinical Management

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorders affecting women of reproductive age worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, the term “PCOS” has been criticized for inadequately representing the broad metabolic, hormonal, and psychological manifestations of the disorder. Recently, experts have proposed changing the terminology from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) to PolyMetabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS) to better reflect its multifactorial pathophysiology and systemic metabolic implications. The current diagnostic approach often emphasizes ovarian morphology while underestimating metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and cardiovascular risks. Misconceptions regarding diagnosis and management frequently result in delayed detection, inappropriate treatment strategies, and inadequate patient counseling. This review discusses the evolving concept of PMOS, major misconceptions associated with PCOS diagnosis, pathophysiological mechanisms, metabolic and reproductive complications, and current evidence-based management approaches. The review also highlights the importance of personalized nutrition, lifestyle intervention, hormonal therapy, psychological support, and multidisciplinary care in improving long-term health outcomes among affected women.