The role of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and Interleukin 4 (IL-4) in the sera of patients suffering from cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Babylon, Iraq

Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is tropical illness caused by protozoan hemoflagellates parasite belongs to genus Leishmania and can infect human Bing and animals worldwide. The organism infects macrophages and multiplies inside cytoplasm of these cells as amastigote stage. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of IL4 and IFN-γ in patients and compare them with control group. Materials and Methods: Present study involved 60 healthy as control group and (318) individuals (males and females) Aged (17-47>) years were examined for CL. Serum samples were collected from positive cases and healthy group who visited Margan Hospital, Babylon, Iraq during the period from October 2024 till February 2025. Results: The data showed majority of patients were males and high rate of infection at (37-46) years was (43.6%), also the data showed different parts of patient’s skin were affected including face, upper and lower extremities but high rate (36.36%) occurs in face. The number of lesions ranging from one to double or more lesions in different skin areas of patients. Immunological study detects raised in level of IFN-γ in patients compared to control group (79.13±6.11pg/ml), (38.51±2.46 pg/ml) respectively. The results reported a significant (P