Non-judgmental awareness as the active ingredient in mindfulness-based rumination reduction: A subscale-level correlation analysis

Rumination is a well-established transdiagnostic cognitive risk factor, yet the specific mechanisms through which mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) reduce it remain inadequately specified. This study examined subscale-level associations between changes in mindfulness facets and changes in rumination subtypes following a four-week online self-help MBI among Indian college students (N = 100, intervention group). Using a randomized controlled pre-post design, participants completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) at baseline and post-intervention. Pearson correlations between change scores revealed a strong negative association between overall mindfulness gain and rumination reduction (r = −.70, p