Role of microbiome in psoriasis, acne, and rosacea: A narrative review of current evidence and future directions

As a protective organ, the skin keeps the body's internal environment stable by preventing harmful physical, chemical, and biological invaders. Physically and immunologically, it protects the body from harmful invaders and harm. Human skin is colonized by thousands of bacterial species, fungi, viruses, archaea, and parasites. In people who are vulnerable, inflammatory skin illnesses can develop when changes in skin microbiota cause inflammation in the epithelial microenvironment. The very diverse skin microbial profiles associated with psoriasis have been described by many psoriasis research, primarily utilizing the amplicon-sequencing technique. The link between dysbiosis, or an imbalance of the skin's microbiota, and the development of inflammatory skin illnesses like acne has been increasingly supported in recent research. Various subtypes of rosacea have been found to have diverse microbiomes in previous research. There was a considerable difference between the phylum profiles of erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular rosacea microbial communities. This narrative review compiles the latest research on changes to the microbiome in rosacea, acne, and psoriasis, and assesses the diagnostic and treatment implications of these findings.