Serum biochemical responses of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles exposed to Leptadania hastata, Nymphaea lotus extracts, and urea fertilizer under a static bioassay system
Abstract
Serum biochemical parameters are reliable indicators of sub-lethal toxicity and organ dysfunction in fish exposed to environmental contaminants. This study evaluated the serum biochemical responses of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles exposed to aqueous extracts of Leptadania hastata, Nymphaea lotus, and urea fertilizer under a 96-hour static bioassay. Fish were subjected to graded concentrations of each test substance, while a control group was maintained without exposure. Serum total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were analyzed using standard diagnostic procedures. Results showed significant (p
Fields of Study & Subjects
Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
Publication details
- Journal / source
- International Journal of Advanced Academic Studies
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 01–05
- Publication date
- 1 March 2026
- Language
- EN