Histopathological spectrum of cervical lesions in women attending a tertiary care hospital

Background: Cervical lesions include a wide variety of pathological conditions ranging from inflammatory changes to invasive malignancies. Histopathological examination remains the most reliable method for their diagnosis and classification. Objectives: To evaluate the histopathological spectrum of cervical lesions and analyze their distribution with respect to age and lesion type. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care hospital over a period of two years. All cervical biopsy and hysterectomy specimens received during the study period were included. Lesions were categorized as non-neoplastic, pre-cancerous, and malignant. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: Out of 200 cases, non-neoplastic lesions were the most common (70%), followed by pre-cancerous (15%) and malignant lesions (15%). Chronic cervicitis was the most frequently observed lesion, while squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignancy. Conclusion: Non-neoplastic lesions form the majority of cervical pathologies; however, early detection of pre-cancerous lesions is essential to prevent progression to carcinoma. Histopathological examination plays a crucial role in accurate diagnosis and timely management.