A retrospective analysis of flow cytometry markers, cytogenetics and clinico-pathological characteristics in plasma cell neoplasms: Insights from a North Indian Centre

Background: Plasma cell neoplasms encompass a spectrum of disorders ranging from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to multiple myeloma (MM), characterized by clonal plasma cell proliferation and M-protein production. Accurate diagnosis and risk stratification are critical for clinical management, aided by immunophenotyping and cytogenetic profiling. Methods: This retrospective study analysed 57 plasma cell neoplasm cases diagnosed via flow cytometry at a North Indian tertiary care center from January to November 2024. Flow cytometric expression of CD27, CD28, CD56, CD117, and CD319 was evaluated alongside cytogenetic abnormalities using FISH. Cases were risk-stratified according to ISS, R-ISS, and IMWG systems. Statistical associations were assessed using appropriate tests, with significance defined as p