Use of Ozone Therapy in Veterinary Medicine: Evidence, Applications and Translational Perspectives for Tissue Repair and Inflammatory Modulation

Ozone therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in veterinary medicine due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and regenerative properties.This systematic review synthesizes current evidence regarding the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of medical ozone, its clinical applications across different species, and the relevance of laboratory biomarkers for therapeutic monitoring.The findings reveal that ozone modulates pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, stimulates angiogenesis, enhances collagen synthesis, reduces microbial biofilms, and improves peripheral oxygenation, resulting in significant clinical benefits for wound healing, musculoskeletal disorders, autoimmune conditions, chronic infections, and refractory cases.However, methodological gaps were identified, especially concerning dose standardization, administration protocols, and laboratory monitoring practices.Overall, ozone therapy demonstrates substantial clinical potential in veterinary practice and offers translational relevance for human medicine.Further controlled clinical trials and multicentre studies are essential to validate its efficacy and safety.