Retrospective analysis study for obstetrics cases admitted to ICU in Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital

Background: Admitting obstetric patients to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) necessitates specialized care and coordination by a multidisciplinary team. These patients present unique challenges to ICU specialists, primarily due to the physiological changes and disease progression that occur during pregnancy and the postpartum period (puerperium). Furthermore, the complexity of these cases is heightened by the dual responsibility of ensuring the health of the mother and the survival of the fetus. Aim of the work: The objective of the study is to assess the mortality rate of pregnant and postpartum patients necessitating intensive care unit (ICU) admission at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. Methods: this retrospective analytic study was conducted at tertiary care hospital at Ain Shams University hospitals from Mars 2023 till October 2023 and performed on total 534 pregnant women who had admitted to the ICU during pregnancy or during the postpartum period (42 days after delivery) in a period from January 2018 till December 2022 with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: SPET was the most frequent clinical presentation; was in more than one third of the studied cases, followed by Placenta previa, PGDM and IUFD. Anemia was the most frequent morbidity; found in less than half of the studied cases. Maternal mortality was 2.4% among the studied cases. NICU needed in more than quarter of the studied cases. Fetal mortality occurred in more than one tenth of the studied cases. IUFD, Eclampsia, Jaundice and Shock were significantly more frequent in maternal mortality cases. Anemia, Blood transfusion, Plasmapheresis and Hemodialysis were significantly more frequent in maternal mortality cases. Conclusion: Our study strongly suggests that early admission to the ICU and effective treatment for obstetrical patients, identifying and modifying risk factors, evaluations of comorbidities and providing guidance on how pregnancy can affect the condition, offering preconception counseling, adequate perinatal services, and ensuring the availability of multidisciplinary expert consultations can help to reduce both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.