Biodiversity and Ecology of Lake Binagadi (Azerbaijan)

The study conducted in 2024–2025 investigated the structure and interactions of ecosystem components in Binagadi Lake and its adjacent areas in Baku, Azerbaijan. The research focused on bird fauna, vegetation cover, and soil characteristics using field observations, geobotanical surveys, and soil analyses. A total of 37 bird species belonging to 11 orders were recorded, classified as sedentary, migratory, and wintering groups. Rare and protected species, including Aquila nipalensis, Buteo rufinus, Falco naumanni, Porphyrio porphyrio, and Ardea purpurea, indicate the lake’s ecological importance and its strategic role along regional migration routes. Geobotanical surveys identified 27 vascular plant species from 10 families and 22 genera, with 22 annuals and 5 perennials. Most plants are halophytes and xerophytes, reflecting adaptation to saline soils and arid climate. Soil studies showed gray-brown solonetzic soils with low humus content (0.82–1.11 %), high carbonates (~33 %), high clay content (53–70 %), and deep salinity (3.7 %). These soil conditions shape the vegetation toward stress-tolerant annual species, which provide feeding and nesting habitats for birds. Marshy zones support waterfowl, while predatory birds maintain trophic balance. Overall, the Binagadi Lake ecosystem is dynamic and functionally resilient but sensitive to anthropogenic pressures. Continuous monitoring, bioindicator species assessment, and conservation measures are essential to preserve biodiversity and reduce urbanization impacts.