Epidemiological Aspects of Respiratory Diseases in Children and Adolescents (Literature Review)

This article presents a review of current scientific publications from 2020–2025 on the epidemiological aspects of respiratory diseases in children and adolescents. An analysis of domestic and international sources demonstrates that respiratory diseases consistently occupy a leading position in the structure of childhood morbidity and constitute a significant medical and social burden. Age- and seasonal-specific patterns in the prevalence of acute respiratory infections, the phenomenon of frequently ill children, and risk factors for the chronicity of the pathological process are examined. Particular attention is paid to the role of recurrent respiratory infections in the development of chronic diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, including bronchial asthma. Data on the influence of social and hygienic conditions, environmental factors, and immune response characteristics on morbidity are analyzed. Modern approaches to the molecular diagnostics of respiratory allergies and the problem of polysensitization in schoolchildren are highlighted. The insufficient effectiveness of existing preventive measures in the absence of intersectoral collaboration between the healthcare and education systems is emphasized. A conclusion is drawn regarding the need for a comprehensive epidemiological and organizational approach to preventing and reducing recurrent respiratory diseases in school-age children.