Domestic Violence as a Major Factor in the Victimization of Minors in Kazakhstan

This article analyzes domestic violence as a key factor in the victimization of minors in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Drawing on theoretical, legal, victimological, and socio-psychological approaches, it examines the mechanisms that shape children's vulnerability in the context of family dysfunction. Particular attention is paid to latent forms of violence—psychological pressure, emotional neglect, and systematic humiliation—which often go unnoticed by law enforcement agencies and social services but have a long-term destructive impact on a child's personal development. The article analyzes the specifics of Kazakhstan's law enforcement practices, highlighting the challenges of interagency cooperation in identifying instances of violence and the inadequacy of preventive mechanisms. It also substantiates the need for a comprehensive approach to the protection of minors, including strengthening the role of educational institutions, guardianship authorities, and psychological services, as well as improving the legal framework for the classification and prevention of domestic violence.