Dental health and caries prevention in children living in residential care institutions. A literature review

Objective: to perform a structured analysis of Russian and international publications devoted to the oral and hygienic status of children living in residential care institutions, and to identify specific risk factors and effective preventive approaches. An analytical review of recent sources (mainly published over the past 10 years) was conducted, focusing on dental caries epidemiology, access to dental care, oral hygiene behavior and social determinants of health. Children in institutional care demonstrate a higher prevalence of caries and poorer oral hygiene compared to peers raised in families. Several studies emphasized insufficient competence of caregivers, irregular hygiene routines and limited access to preventive programs. International data highlight the importance of family-centered prevention models, which places institutionalized children at a systemic disadvantage regarding oral health. The need for tailored preventive programs involving teachers, medical staff and social workers was established. Strengthening educational interventions and improving access to professional preventive care is recommended.