Cytological analysis of the effectiveness of surgical correction in patients with low crowns of supporting teeth, depending on the level of dental gingival attachment

Today, the problem of prosthetics for patients with low clinical crowns of supporting teeth is urgent. Even observing all the requirements of dental preparation, the small area of the prepared supporting tooth is not able to fully ensure reliable fixation of the artificial crown and fixed bridge prosthesis. The dentist has to artificially increase the area of contact to ensure better retention using various mechanical and surgical methods. Surgical correction methods are quite traumatic. One of the methods of choice is gum retraction. To assess the intensity of restoration of the dental gingival complex after surgical correction, it is advisable to monitor the stages of healing using additional research methods. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical correction in patients with low crowns of supporting teeth, depending on the level of dental gingival attachment according to cytological research. Materials and methods. The study involved 110 patients with low crowns of supporting teeth, randomized into 2 groups depending on the level of dental gingival attachment. According to the cytological study, cytograms were analyzed, characterizing a particular type of inflammation/regeneration. The results were calculated before the start of treatment, on days 3, 7 and 14. The volume fraction of lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, and epitheliocytes was studied, and the cell differentiation index was calculated. Positive dynamics was achieved in all comparison groups on the 14th day of follow-up. However, the intensity of the process was different depending on the level of attachment of the dental gingival complex. So, on days 3 and 7, the activity of the inflammatory process prevailed in patients of group I, in the second group there was a statistically significant improvement in all parameters, including the cell differentiation index. Conclusions. The level of dental gingival attachment should be taken into account when planning orthopedic treatment. When forming a subgingival ledge in compliance with a gentle preparation regimen, it is advisable to carry out the stages of orthopedic treatment after 2 weeks, since there is a risk of infection of periodontal tissues and the addition of a secondary infection.