Territorio y cohesión social: derecho fundamental a la igualdad y a la no discriminación

This article proposes a methodological framework for analyzing territorial processes of inclusion and exclusion through a multidisciplinary approach that integrates the rights-based perspective, social and territorial cohesion, public policy, and institutional analysis. The methodology is part of a broader research project conducted in the municipality of San Quintín, Baja California, and is grounded in a conceptual synthesis of territorial studies, institutional theory, and the fundamental right to equality and non-discrimination. As its main methodological contribution, the article introduces the “cycle of discrimination” as an analytical framework for identifying the mechanisms through which exclusion is reproduced or reversed in specific territorial contexts. It argues that an integrated analysis of institutions, social practices, and public policies provides a robust basis for designing inclusion strategies aimed at addressing the structural causes of discrimination and strengthening territorial cohesion as a long-term development objective.