Hub Only Pipeline Topology Architecture Standard (HOPT-AS)

The Hub-Only Pipeline Topology Architecture Standard (HOPT-AS) v1.0 defines a standardized, governed architecture for carbon capture, transport, and storage (CCUS) systems in which CO₂ pipelines connect only centralized regeneration hubs rather than individual emitters. Industrial emitters capture CO₂ in solid-bound form and interface exclusively through solids-based logistics, while all gaseous CO₂ regeneration, conditioning, compression, and pipeline injection occur at certified hubs. HOPT-AS establishes mandatory topology rules, system boundaries, stakeholder roles, and participation requirements to ensure interoperability, scalability, and architectural integrity across multi-stakeholder deployments. By eliminating emitter–pipeline connectivity, the standard lowers entry barriers, reduces permitting complexity, and enables scalable CCUS deployment in regions with dispersed emitters and limited pipeline infrastructure