THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT STAGES AND GEOPOLITICAL IMPACT OF THE LIVIYAN CIVIL WAR

In the early years of Qaddafi’s rule, Liviya was a state with a strong economic and political leadership position in the region. Revenues from the energy sector gave Liviya considerable autonomy in its struggle to become a regional power. However, this was met with opposition from Western countries. The reasons for this opposition were both the limited influence of Western states over Liviya’s oil and gas sector and Qaddafi’s support for armed groups in other countries.During the Arab Spring, Qaddafi was overthrown as a result of mass popular protests. One of the main reasons behind these protests was the unequal distribution of oil revenues. However, the 42-year authoritarian regime had prevented the formation of democratic institutions within the state. This, in turn, hindered the establishment of a new and stable government. In addition, the support of various internal groups by other states prolonged this process.The structural problem of the civil war that has continued since 2012 lies in the failure to properly establish an effective internal governance system.