FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RENAISSANCE HUMANISM

Renaissance humanism placed the value of the human being and the interests of the individual at the forefront. As a result, the problem of man became the main subject of philosophical discussion, while reason and experience formed the foundation of Renaissance philosophy. Renaissance philosophy succeeded in challenging the authority of the Middle Ages and creating a new, free worldview. Since the doctrines promoted by the Church could no longer satisfy people, there arose a need for an approach that would diminish the Church’s influence and place the human being at the center. Although such changes began to manifest in various regions, it is generally accepted that their origins lie in Italy. Influenced by ancient traditions, the primary focus of Renaissance philosophy became the problem of man. In the 14th century, translations of ancient works were carried out, and discussions and debates were held about them. In this sense, humanism, in a narrow meaning, referred to philological innovations based on the study of ancient literature. The philosophical essence of Renaissance humanism was reflected in its emphasis on individualism, reason (rationality), and the humanities. Humanists believed that each individual is unique and possesses the power to shape their own destiny. Despite certain shortcomings, humanism as a whole represented a system of thought that emphasized the importance of studying the spiritual world of the human being and approached the individual from the perspective of their natural essence. Renaissance humanism had a profound influence on subsequent philosophical movements, leaving a distinctive mark on their development.