Lasers in Periodontology

Periodontics is a specialized branch of dentistry focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. The primary conditions managed are gingivitis and periodontitis. Non-surgical periodontal therapy is the first-line treatment and includes scaling and root planning (deep cleaning), oral hygiene instruction, local antimicrobial delivery, systemic antibiotics when indicated, and occlusal adjustment. These approaches aim to reduce bacterial load, eliminate inflammation, decrease pocket depth, and prevent disease progression. When non-surgical methods are insufficient, surgical periodontal therapy is indicated, including flap surgery, resective procedures, and regenerative techniques to restore lost tissues and improve function. Additionally, various lasers, such as diode, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, and CO₂ lasers, enhance periodontal treatment by improving precision, disinfection, and healing. In this review article, we discuss the role of lasers in modern periodontal management. Key Words: CO₂ laser, Diode laser