An observational study on the technical and tactical performance of fan zhendong in table tennis: analysis of attack perspective and line changes

Introduction: To provide technical and tactical training references for the Chinese national table tennis team following recent rule changes, and to offer theoretical support for technical-tactical analysis from a biomechanical perspective. Methods: A notational analysis based on systematic video observation was conducted to examine Fan Zhendong's technical and tactical characteristics in initiating attacks within the first four strokes (Attack first vs. Counterattack first), as well as the relationship between scoring outcomes and down-the-line shot selection on the final stroke. Biomechanical characteristics of forehand and backhand attacking techniques performed by Fan Zhendong and his opponents were captured using the ITTF Table Tennis Review system, which consists of 17 high-speed cameras, and were analyzed qualitatively through comparative analysis. Results: (1) The usage rate and scoring efficiency of attack first within the first four strokes were significantly higher than those of counterattack first (P < 0.05). (2) Both the usage rate and scoring efficiency of down-the-line shots on the final stroke were significantly higher than those without directional change (P < 0.05). (3) The biomechanical structure of Fan Zhendong's backhand technique was superior to that of his opponents. Conclusion: (1) His technical style is characterized by strong attack initiation, strong confrontation, and strong rally ability. (2) His backhand technique is compact, with efficient and concentrated force production, forming a highly effective backhand technical system. (3) On the final stroke, he effectively mobilizes opponents through down-the-line shot variation to secure match victory.