Hyper-heuristic driven smart contracts for DeFi: a framework for dynamic rule optimization and adaptive executions

The static and hard-coded logic of smart contracts in Decentralized Finance (DeFi) platforms significantly limits their adaptability in dynamic and volatile market environments. To address this challenge, we propose a novel hyper-heuristic driven framework that enables real-time rule optimization within smart contracts, thereby enhancing responsiveness, gas efficiency, and operational robustness. The framework features a two-layer architecture: a reinforcement learning-based high-level controller selects appropriate low-level rule heuristics from a domain-specific library based on evolving transaction contexts and on-chain data. Implemented and evaluated on Uniswap v2 and Aave v3 protocols, the system dynamically optimizes parameters such as slippage tolerance, gas usage thresholds, and loan-to-value ratios. Experimental results on real-world datasets show significant performance improvements, including a 45.6% increase in transaction success rate, 28.3% reduction in average gas consumption, and 38.4% drop in liquidation events under market stress scenarios. This research demonstrates the feasibility and advantages of embedding intelligent, adaptive decision-making mechanisms within DeFi smart contracts, opening new pathways toward autonomous, resilient, and regulation-aligned blockchain systems.