GPCRs as key regulators in wound healing

Wound healing is a complex tissue repair process that occurs through a series of overlapping phases, regulated by various cell types and corresponding signaling molecules, including G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs are a large family of cell surface receptors that respond to a variety of external signals and significant targets in the design of novel drugs for a wide range of human diseases. They play vital roles throughout the different stages of wound healing. Specifically, GPCRs are essential for the recruitment of immune cells and the activation of signaling cascades related to epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation, including Hedgehog-GLI, Hippo-YAP1, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Modifying GPCR activity through agonists or antagonists can alter GPCR signaling pathways, potentially affecting immune cell infiltration, the production of inflammatory mediators, and wound healing rates. This review summarizes the fundamental mechanisms of GPCR signaling pathways in wound healing and highlights recent discoveries regarding the roles and functions of GPCRs in this process.