Epidemiological and immunological insights into respiratory infections in post-COVID-19

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 2026 Open access

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Authors: Ziyi Wang, Yi Li, Jianpiao Cai, Yujie Sun, Mulatijiang Maimaiti, Yiwei Liu, Chenglin Yang, Wenjing Liu, Sabrina Li, Yi Ren, Yu Chen, Qiwen Yang
+2 more Yingchun Xu, Jie Yi
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1634415
Cited by: 1
References: 33

Abstract

Introduction Post-COVID-19 respiratory infection dynamics require updated epidemiological characterization to inform clinical surveillance and public health strategy. Methods We analyzed 2484 patients with respiratory tract infections (September 2023–February 2024) using comprehensive pathogen screening (29 viral, bacterial, and atypical targets) and cytokine quantification (12 cytokines). Results Overall pathogen detection was 70.73%, with viral and bacterial identification in 40.42%(1004/2484), 51.45%(1278/2484) of cases respectively, and co-infections in 31.88% (predominantly Haemophilus influenzae -virus). Pediatric patients (

Fields of Study & Subjects

Respiratory viral infections research Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies

Publication details

Journal / source
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Volume
15
Pages
1634415–1634415
Publication date
5 January 2026
Language
EN