Correction: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from clinical infections: a multifactorial analysis of resistance, virulence, and biofilm potential

Adding/removing text [Remove-'These strains have been implicated in invasive diseases such as liver abscesses and bacteremia, even in otherwise healthy individuals (Zhu et al., 2021) "[Classical K. pneumoniae (cKp) has been associated with healthcare-associated infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. However, novel variants, including multidrug-resistant (MDR-Kp), carbapenem-resistant (CR-Kp), hypervirulent (hvKp), and hypermucoviscous (hmKp) strains, have emerged as major causes of both hospital-and community-acquired infections. The global rise of hvKp over the past three decades is concerning, with mortality rates ranging from 3-31% and up to 35% in hvKp-associated bacteremia (Russo and Marr, 2019;Li et al., 2018).]" The original version of this article has been updated.Adding/removing text [Remove-The phrase "Carbapenem resistant" was removed because all isolates were screened for key carbapenemase genes, not only the carbapenem-resistant ones. Keeping the phrase would inaccurately imply selective screening]. A correction has been made to the section [Introduction, Paragraph 4]: "[Virulence in K. pneumoniae is mediated by multiple factors, including fimbriae, polysaccharide capsules, lipopolysaccharides, and siderophores, with hypervirulent strains further distinguished by traits such as hypercapsulation, increased siderophore production, and exopolysaccharide secretion (Wang et al., 2020). Importantly, hypervirulence and hypermucoviscosity represent related yet distinct characteristics. Hypermucoviscosity is a phenotypic manifestation associated with increased capsule production, whereas hypervirulence is attributed to the coordinated expression of siderophores and other virulence regulators. Notably, not all hvKp isolates exhibit hypermucoviscosity, and vice versa (Choby et al., 2019). Recognizing the public health threat posed by these strains, the World Health Organization has emphasized the necessity for integrated surveillance targeting both resistance and virulence determinants (WHO, 2024).In this study, we aimed to comprehensively characterize clinical K. pneumoniae isolates from Chennai, India, with particular emphasis on antimicrobial resistance to last-resort agents. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined to categorize isolates as MDR, non-MDR, or susceptible, and strains were further examined for key carbapenemase genes to define the underlying resistance mechanisms. In parallel, major virulence determinants, including exopolysaccharide production and biofilm-forming ability, were evaluated using complementary phenotypic and genotypic approaches. By comparing these traits across resistance categories, the study seeks to elucidate associations between carbapenem resistance, virulence factors, and biofilm formation, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the pathogenic potential and clinical risk posed by K. pneumoniae.]" The original version of this article has been updated.