Recent progress in understanding ferroptosis mechanisms in infectious diseases

Ferroptosis, characterized by lipid peroxidation and iron-dependent oxidative damage, is a crucial factor in various diseases. Although researchers have extensively characterized ferroptosis in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, its interaction with pathogenic infections remains underexplored. Recent research indicates that ferroptosis contributes to host cell damage during pathogen invasions, impacting disease outcomes. This review summarizes the characteristics, mechanisms, and regulatory networks of ferroptosis. It delineates the key regulatory steps of ferroptosis during infections caused by various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Additionally, it examines changes in host markers and related signaling pathways. Furthermore, this review explores the potential similarities and differences among these pathogens and discusses therapeutic strategies for addressing pathogen-related diseases through ferroptosis-dependent mechanisms.