Remote sensing-based framework for detecting and interpreting permafrost terrain hydrologic connectivity

Thermal shifts have accelerated ice-wedge degradation and reorganized polygonal trough networks along the Utqiaġvik, Alaska coastline. Thus, quantifying their structural variability and hydrologic connectivity across spatial scales remains challenging. This study applies high-resolution remote sensing and terrain analysis to evaluate hydrologic controls on ice-wedge polygon morphology. Using a 0.5 m lidar-derived DEM, polygon boundaries were manually digitized and compared with Thiessen (Voronoi) tessellations to quantify structural divergence, boundary misalignment, and differences in area. Hydrologic influences on polygon development were assessed through compound terrain analysis, drainage network extraction, and surface flow modeling. Spatial intersection analyses reveal geometric discrepancies underscoring the limitations of automated polygon proxies in permafrost terrain. Modeled flow paths exhibit spatial congruence with mapped trough networks, indicating that surface hydrology plays a role in trough evolution. Hydrologic and morphometric parameters demonstrate high runoff potential associated with low-relief topography. Elevated Topographic Wetness Index (TWI > 12 ) and Stream Power Index (SPI > 60) values delineate zones of saturation and flow accumulation that frequently coincide with trough depressions. Despite high predicted runoff, minimal gradients produce ponded flow regimes that promote wetland formation. This integrative framework enhances detection and interpretation of permafrost terrain features, providing a scalable methodology for monitoring Arctic landscape dynamics.