Associations of METS-VF and BRI with risk of osteoarthritis in patients with diabetes or prediabetes: evidence from the NHANES 1999–2020

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between METS-VF and BRI with OA risk in DM or Pre-DM patients, evaluate their predictive value, and assess the additive effect of their combined application. Methods: We utilized data from the NHANES 1999-2020, including adult participants diagnosed with diabetes or prediabetes. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between METS-VF and BRI with OA risk, while RCS models were used to explore non-linear relationships. ROC curves were generated to evaluate the predictive value of these indicators for osteoarthritis and determine optimal cut-off values. Based on these cut-offs, participants were divided into four groups to further assess the impact of different combinations on osteoarthritis risk, followed by subgroup analyses. Finally, we analyzed the additive predictive effect of combining METS-VF and BRI. Results: A total of 2,614 patients with diabetes or prediabetes were included, of whom 450 (17.21%) were diagnosed with osteoarthritis. Multivariable analysis revealed that both METS-VF and BRI were significantly associated with OA risk (METS-VF: OR = 4.02, 95% CI: 2.24-7.19, p