Diagnostic accuracy of AMH for primary ovarian insufficiency/premature ovarian failure: a real-world cohort study

Background/objectives: The global incidence of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)/Primary Ovarian Failure (POF) is rising annually, emerging as a critical health threat affecting women of reproductive age. This condition not only induces menopausal-like symptoms but also leads to severe consequences such as infertility, imposing significant physical, familial, and socioeconomic burdens. Given its detrimental impacts, enhancing preventive strategies is imperative. Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), closely associated with ovarian reserve, has gained increasing application in gynecological diagnostics, particularly exhibiting considerable potential in POI/POF evaluation. However, the diagnostic reliability of AMH remains to be fully elucidated. This study aims to rigorously evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of AMH in POI/POF diagnosis, with the goal of improving diagnostic accuracy to facilitate early detection and intervention, thereby providing evidence-based support for POI/POF prevention efforts. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 1,106 reproductive-aged women, divided into three groups: DOR group (n=502), POI group (n=143), and POF group (n=461). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0. Comparisons of age, AMH, estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and progesterone (PRG) were conducted. Significant variables (P