Fasting stress hyperglycemia ratio as a predictor of intramyocardial hemorrhage and adverse outcomes in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Introduction: Intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) represents the most severe form of microvascular injury and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). However, the associations of glycemic parameters with the occurrence of IMH remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association of fasting stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR)-a novel metric that adjusts acute glucose for chronic glycemia-with the presence of IMH and to explore its relationship with clinical outcomes in patients with STEMI. Methods: This study utilized data from the prospective, multicenter EARLY-MYO-CMR registry (NCT03768453). We enrolled consecutive STEMI patients undergoing PPCI who had cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging within a week after the index infarction. The primary endpoint was the presence of IMH defined by CMR T2* mapping. A secondary clinical endpoint was the composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during follow-up. Results: Among the 496 patients included in this study, 205 (41.3%) exhibited IMH. Multivariable analysis identified fasting SHR as the strongest independent predictor of IMH (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] per 0.1-unit increase: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.10-1.33, P