Dynamic changes of Kisspeptin during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in polycystic ovary syndrome patients and its correlation with COH outcomes

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of anovulatory infertility in women, and patients often exhibit ovarian hyperresponse during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in assisted reproductive technology. Kisspeptin is a key upstream regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (HPOA). This study aims to explore the dynamic changes in serum and follicular fluid (FF) Kisspeptin levels during COH in PCOS patients and analyze their correlation with COH outcomes and pregnancy outcomes, in order to evaluate the potential value of Kisspeptin as a predictive biomarker. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 100 patients undergoing IVF-ET treatment (50 in the PCOS group and 50 in the control group). Serum samples were collected at four time points during the COH cycle (the day of starting Gn treatment, the fifth day of Gn stimulation, the day of hCG injection, the day of oocyte pickup [dOPU]), and FF samples were obtained on dOPU. Baseline characteristics, Kisspeptin levels, COH and pregnancy outcomes were compared between groups. Correlation and ROC curve analyses were performed. Results: Serum and FF Kisspeptin levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group at all time points (P