The significance of component-resolved diagnostics in atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by an abnormal skin barrier, resulting in skin dryness, pruritus, and an increased risk of allergies and secondary infections. AD patients often show hypersensitivity to both food and airborne allergens. Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) offers sIgE testing of individual allergen molecules and provides additional insights, especially in polysensitized patients, in case of sensitization to allergens with low abundance, low stability, or associated with risks of anaphylaxis. It enables the detection of genuine and cross-sensitization or the composition of an allergen immunotherapy vaccine. So far, the utility of CRD in AD has never been thoroughly analyzed. This review provides basic information about CRD and comprehensively summarizes its potential application in the personalized management of patients with AD. Molecular profiling of allergen components moves closer to explaining the mechanisms of development of different molecular endotypes and clinical phenotypes of AD and provides biomarkers of disease severity, autoimmune IgE responses, and therapeutic response, improving understanding of atopic dermatitis endotypes and treatment outcomes.