Persistent residual inflammatory risk at 1 month after contemporary PCI: rationale for routine hsCRP reassessment and dual-target therapy

Despite major advances in lipid-lowering therapy and stent technology, a substantial proportion of patients undergoing contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) experience recurrent major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) driven by persistent residual inflammatory risk (RIR). This Perspective highlights that, once LDL-C is optimized below 70 mg/dL, RIR-quantified by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP ≥2 mg/L)-emerges as the dominant modifiable driver of recurrent events. Landmark meta-analyses and large registries demonstrate that persistent elevation of hsCRP at 1 month post-PCI occurs in approximately 43% of patients and independently predicts 12-month MACE (RR 1.64), all-cause mortality (RR 3.25), and other adverse outcomes, outperforming residual cholesterol risk after multivariable adjustment. Mechanistically, the acute-phase hsCRP surge induced by procedural injury resolves by 4-6 weeks, after which the 1-month value reliably reflects ongoing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, IL-1β/IL-6 signaling, and macrophage-driven plaque inflammation rather than transient artefacts. Accordingly, we propose a new "dual-target" definition of optimal secondary prevention: achievement of both LDL-C